TP53 and cancer: TP53 controls the expression of multiple immunosuppression-associated proteins such as PD-L1 (also known as CD274), VISTA (also known as VSIR), NKG2D (also known as KLRK1), and FOXP3; loss or mutation of TP53 in cancers changes cytokine secretion, resulted in reshaping the immune microenvironment to promote immune escape of cancer (36, 37).