High levels of expressions of cytokines such as IL6, IL19, IL21, IL1A, CSF1 and CSF3 in EC after MERS-CoV infection are 12 hours after infection, earlier than that of most cytokine and chemokine receptors at 24 hours after infection, emphasizing the forward signaling roles of ECs in stimulating migrated inflammatory cells. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and infection.