IRF1 and viral infectious disease: Examples of IRF1 controlled genes include IFN-λ in viral infections, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) in Francisella infection, immunity-related guanosine triphosphatases (IRGs) in Aspergillus fumigatus infection (54, 55) and the immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1/ACOD1) in infections with Gram-negative bacteria (56, 57).