These data are in line with previous observations highlighting a decrease in the alpha variety and species richness upon HCV, HIV, and influenza infection (Sun et al., 2016; Inoue et al., 2018), with a parallel increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β (Yildiz et al., 2018; Ramos-Sevillano et al., 2019). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is influenza.