LCN2 has also been implicated in various molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathophysiology of AD (Lee et al., 2009, 2011, 2012; Rathore et al., 2011; Roudkenar et al., 2011; Bi et al., 2013), namely LCN2 can amplify neuroinflammation (Lee et al., 2011), participate in reactive astrocytosis (Lee et al., 2009; Bi et al., 2013), promote neuronal cell death (Bi et al., 2013), and mediate amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity (Mesquita et al., 2014). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.