For example, M1-like macrophages polarized with IFN-γ and exhibiting anti-tumor activity are usually characterized by high expression of HLA-DR (MHC-II),389 while activation of TLR9 by CpG, plus anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies were shown to redirect TAMs from an M2 to an M1 phenotype in vivo, leading to innate response debulking large tumors.390 Therefore, repolarization of macrophages from a pro-tumor phenotype (M2) to cytotoxic anti-tumor effectors (M1) is expected to improve the TME and contribute to anti-tumor immunotherapy. Here, TLR9 is linked to neoplasm.