TGFB1 and cancer: For instance, blockade of TGF-β expressed by Treg cells improved the anti-tumor immune response against melanoma, and suppressed the metastasis of pancreatic tumors in mice.837,838 Treatment with anti-IL-35 revealed the ability of suppressing tumor growth in multiple murine models of cancer.839 Therefore, depletion or dysfunction of intratumoral Treg cells, together with the augmentation of the tumor-killing activity of Teff cells, would make cancer immunotherapy more effective with less adverse effects.