STING1 and cancer: One example is that DNA damage-induced cancer cell death promotes the expression of neoantigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby promoting antigen presentation activity and specific T cell priming; another is that cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) damage induced by RT can induce the release of multiple chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors via dsDNA/cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, resulting in recruitment of immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory cells [12] (Fig. 2A).