Most protein expression levels of the major pluripotency regulators (Nanog, OCT4, Sox2 and FoxD3) [31–34], were found to increase significantly in ALDH+CD44+CXCR4+CD24+-PCa cells, compared with those in the ALDH−CD44−CXCR4−CD24− subsets (Fig. 4a). Here, LDHA is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.