A commonality between both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is reduced functional β-cell mass; either in association with autoimmune β-cell destruction (T1D) or with prolonged exposure to insulin resistance, systemic elevations in proinflammatory cytokines, and saturated free fatty acids (T2D) [2]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.