PTGS2 and Parkinson disease: The activation of cPLA2 and the expression of COX-2 in different cell types are regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK pathway, which has been found to be activated in several neurological disorders that includes ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (10, 11, 36, 37).