TBK1 and colorectal cancer: Increasing or decreasing TBK1 activity by various approaches in many cell types (e.g., MEFs, HEK293 cells, U2OS cells, HeLa cells, MNT1 melanoma cells, or HCT116 colorectal cancer cells) led to correspondingly similar changes in Akt S473 phosphorylation (14, 15, 16, 17).