Median urine levels of PD-L1 were elevated in both newly diagnosed (11.28 and 71.73 pg/mL in NMBIC and MIBC subgroups, with an IQR of 0–21 and 27–123, respectively) and recurrent bladder cancer patients (7.9 and 4.1 pg/mL in NMBIC and MIBC sub-groups, with IQR of 0–20 and 0–12, respectively) in comparison to the control group (0 pg/mL, IQR: 0–3) with p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 (Fig. 1 A and B). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.