PVR and neoplasm: This double-pathway activation, concurrent with Hif-1α buildup, is also observed in neoplasia induced by losses of lethal (2) giant larvae [l(2)gl, hereafter referred to as lgl] and ribosomal protein L27A (RpL27A) (Grifoni et al., 2015), suggesting that the pathway activation in Pvr tumors may be shared among tumors of different genetic makeups.