Table 2 provides the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study subjects. As expected, both the IGT and DM groups had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and FPG, C-peptide, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and lower HDL cholesterol levels than the NGT group (P < 0.05). In addition, serum IGF-I and total IGFBP-3 levels were significantly higher in the IGT and DM groups than in the NGT group (P < 0.01), with the highest levels found in subjects with newly diagnosed DM. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.