TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving autoantibodies (e.g., anti-citrullinated protein antibodies) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) that participate in the induction of chronic synovitis and bone erosion, followed by deformity (Smolen and Aletaha, 2015), which are some of the most prevalent causes of disability (Koller and Nobauer-Huhmann, 2009).