RBMS3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Additionally, downregulated RBMS3 expression is associated with poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Li et al., 2011a; Liang et al., 2015; Zhang T. et al., 2016), and downregulation of RBMS3 in ovarian cancer increased chemotherapeutic resistance (Wu et al., 2019).