PARK7 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: Several chemicals and physiological factors trigger the upregulation of DJ-1, which protects the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced damage of endothelial cells, Mφs, fibroblast, NCs, and islet β cells (290–296), and therefore, DJ-1 deficiency has been associated with the development of several diseases (e.g., stroke, male infertility, cancers, diabetes, and neurodegenerative illnesses) (290, 297, 298).