Among participants with baseline full MoCA-J scale scores ≤ 21 (worst quartile), those with the highest baseline BDNF levels were associated with substantially lower odds of cognitive decline in the full MoCA-J scale from baseline to the follow-up visit, as compared those with lowest BDNF levels; i.e., OR: 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02–0.62; p-value = 0.013). Here, BDNF is linked to Mental deterioration.