VEGFA and neoplasm: Studies have revealed that LMP1 in NPC exosomes upregulates syndecan-2 (SDC2) and synaptotagmin-like-4 (SYTL4) via NF-κB signaling to stimulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth by activating ERK and AKT signal pathways and inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor expression 34,35.