CCL5 and AIDS: MVC is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agent that has been used clinically for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).19 Importantly, MVC effectively penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB).20 Our preclinical data indicate that repurposing MVC for targeting CCL5-CCR5 signaling effectively improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ against GBMs.