Comparing severe to non-severe PARDS at this second timepoint, a cytokine signature comprising of up-regulated and down-regulated cytokines (IL-8, IL-12p70, VEGF-D, IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-1β, EGF, Eotaxin, IL-1RA, and PDGF-BB) was uncovered. Here, IL4 is linked to pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.