In our in vitro study, TGF-β2 stimulation upregulated the expression of phosphorylated-PI3K (Fig. 1C, D, P < 0.05), and the change was attenuated with TGF-β inhibitor (Fig. 1C, D, P < 0.05), supporting the involvement of the PI3K-mTOR pathway in glaucoma pathogenesis. Here, TGFB1 is linked to glaucoma.