The HLA-DQA1 alleles 03:01, 03:02, 05:03, and 05:05 showed an OR of risk for association with T1D, while the DQA1*01:01, 01:02, 01:03, and 04:01 alleles revealed an OR of protection for T1D (Supplementary Table 5S online). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.