ATF4 and central nervous system cancer: Several in vitro investigations have implicated ATF4 in tumor cell survival with sometimes opposing cytoprotective and cytotoxic roles depending on context: ATF4 has been shown to attenuate ferroptosis under dihydroartemisinin-induced ER stress or sorafenib treatment to sustain glioma cell survival and inhibition of this axis was therefore proposed as a therapeutic strategy37.