As described in previous studies, HBx participates in the transactivation of transcriptional factors or target genes such as c-myc, AP-1, and cyclin D116,40–42, suggesting the similar pathway and common targets of Pin1 and HBx in molecular biological process, which is also of great potential to be further investigated in pathogenic of HBV and HCC. Here, PIN1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.