KEGG pathway analysis results show that the target gene-related signalling pathways are the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, signalling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells, the MAPK signalling pathway, hepatitis B, viral carcinogenesis, osteoclast differentiation, hepatitis C, HTLV-I infection, TNF signalling pathway, and the insulin signalling pathway, among others (Fig. 7b). Here, TNF is linked to hepatitis C virus infection.