CTCF and colonic neoplasm: Additionally, mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) in prostate cancer cells [21], heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) in gastric cancer cells [19], CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in colon cancer cells [32], and mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells [33] have been shown to regulate chromatin loop stability through interactions with eRNAs, thereby modulating the expression of downstream target genes.