Among these, 13 genes – EHF, TRPM1, FXYD4, CDH15, LHX5, TP73, FBN3, TLX1, C1QL4, COL2A, SEC61G, NEUROD4 and GPR139 – were differentially expressed in recurrent GBM samples; low LHX5 and TLX1 expression predicted poor outcomes. Here, TLX1 is linked to glioblastoma.