GDF15 and hydrops fetalis: Transcriptomic studies comparing enriched populations of old and young CMs have identified that senescent CMs express an atypical SASP which includes growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), endothelin 3 (EDN3) and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), all of which have been associated with cardiac dysfunction, myocardial remodelling and the progression of HF clinically (Anderson et al., 2019).