FDPS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: FPPS expression waselevated in cardiomyocytes and aorta cellsfrom diabetic mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy118 and atherosclerosis,119 respectively.FPPS inhibition by alendronate improved fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c,and insulin resistance,13 lowered the highglucose-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs,7 and reduced glucose uptake and formation of advanced glycation endproducts by retinal cells.120 Notably,in several clinical trials, treatment with bisphosphonates was correlatedwith a lower risk of T2D (Table 3).