SPARC and cancer: The 19 genes in the biomarker module are as follows: ALPI, AMACR, ANKHD1, ARHGAP44, ARHGEF15, ARHGEF26, ATXN8OS, CRISP3, HOPX, HSPB8, LSM7, MAFB, NGRN, PPP3R1, RDH5, SLC5A1, SPARC, SPRR3, and TCTN2. Initially, we corroborate genes in the biomarker module through the following four approaches: CCLE (the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle), COSMIC (the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer, https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), NCG (the Network of Cancer Genes, https://ncg.kcl.ac.uk/index.php), and literature reviews.