STAT3 and lung cancer: This ability of CSCs is commonly found in ovarian, glioblastoma, liver, breast and lung cancers through activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10 (Iliopoulos et al., 2009; Ginestier et al., 2010; Mitchem et al., 2013; Fang et al., 2014).