PFN1 and breast carcinoma: It was found that Pfn1 and p53 co-exist in the same complex in breast cancer cells, and Pfn1 overexpression increases total p53 protein levels as well as its redistribution to cytoplasm and mitochondria (Yao et al., 2013; Zaidi et al., 2016) where p53 can drive intrinsic apoptotic pathway in a transcription-independent fashion (Marchenko et al., 2000; Chipuk et al., 2004).