TP53 and cancer: Aside from the fundamental role of p53 in suppressing tumor initiation, abnormalities in TP53 (TP53 mutation status) are the most common genetic alterations observed, resulting in abnormal cell growth and other oncogene functions in human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and ESCA (Silwal-Pandit et al., 2017; Giacomelli et al., 2018; Jiao et al., 2018; Kang et al., 2018; Long et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2020).