TXNIP and diabetes mellitus: Devi and colleagues reported induction of mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in rMCs exposed to HG (Devi et al., 2017) that were mediated by the upregulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a pro-oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic protein strongly induced by diabetes and HG conditions (Singh, 2013).