IFNB1 and neurodegenerative disease: Previously, we have shown that neuronal lack of IFNβ-IFNAR signaling blocks auto/mitophagy and results in lack of cellular α-syn clearance, and hence its pathological accumulation [9, 32, 67, 68], In support, here we confirmed that PIAS2OE contributes to the accumulation of pathological α-syn and dysfunctional mitochondria with raise in oxidative stress markers, like oxDJ1, associated with inducing a mitophagy block, a process linked to neurodegenerative diseases including PD [69, 70].