As shown in Table 2, after adjusting for other potential predictors and confounders, the results of logistic regression revealed that compared with copy neutral (= 2), CES1 copy number loss (< 2) was significantly associated with increased risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.30–5.85, P = 0.01); however, copy number gain (> 2) was not significantly associated with NAFLD disease susceptibility (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.86–1.86, P = 0.23). The gene discussed is CES1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.