IFNG and hemophagocytic syndrome: In addition, overproduction of systemic cytokines, particularly IL-2, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, triggers macrophage activation (i.e., MAS) and erythro-phagocytosis (i.e., HLH), resulting in anemia,94,95 as well as causes perturbation of coagulation and vascular hemostasis, resulting in capillary leak syndrome, thrombosis,96 and DIC.