TNF and COVID-19: It was demonstrated that the elevated serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were associated with disease severity in a relatively similar sample size (n = 40).21 In a longitudinal analysis, the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in severe cases were consistently increased (n = 13).21 In a relatively larger cohort, levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in patients who died of disease (n = 113) were higher compared with recovered patients (n = 161).28 Overall, all these studies point to an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules in COVID-19.