In that study, the GDM mothers had good glycemic control (55% received metformin and/or insulin treatment resulting in a mean (SD) 5.3% (0.3) HbA1c) and little obesity (median BMI = 24.2, IQR (21.7, 30.3), whereas glycemic status was not known in the other studies. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.