AKT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In non-small cell lung cancers, KRAS G12C/V activated the Ral pathway but reduced AKT phosphorylation, whereas KRAS G12D activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) signaling [57].