NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: The recognition of additional molecular abnormalities, such as NPM1 and FLT3-ITD in AML, has ensured that the disease biology is better understood and has allowed for improved risk stratification to be included in the diagnostic algorithms.3,4 This is the first study to investigate the presence of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD in a central South African AML population.