NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In an Egyptian study that included 123 AML patients, FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations were detected in 17.9% and 19.5% of patients.12 Another study by Sofan et al. (2014) detected NPM1 mutations in 28% of CN-AML.13 Contrary to these findings, no NPM1 mutations were found in a study of 100 Sudanese AML patients.14 The frequency of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations in a South African adult de novo AML cohort was 7.5% and 12%.15