KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: Two thirds of PCa cases are diagnosed in the more developed regions in the world.2,4 In South Africa the age-adjusted risk of being diagnosed with PCa is 30.96/100 000 and the lifetime risk in men is 1:2.5 Traditional diagnostic tests for detecting PCa, namely prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy, lack both sensitivity and specificity.