ACE2 and cancer: The proposed mechanisms by which lymphopenia occurs in COVID-19 (often shared with cancer dissemination) [49] include virus-induced atrophy of secondary lymphoid organs [50–52], the disappearance of germinal centers [28], the direct pro-apoptotic activity of the virus related to ACE2-dependent or ACE2-independent entry into lymphocytes [53], T-cell demise consecutive to activation and exhaustion [54, 55], senescence [1, 56], and antiproliferative effects of lactic acid [57].