Likewise, while many inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, or alarmins (such as IFNγ, CXCL10, IL-4, IL-6, and calprotectin) were elevated in symptomatic COVID-19 individuals compared with controls, asymptomatic, and recovered patients, none of them could predict LVS, except a drop in the IFNγ/IFNα2a and CCL11/CXCL10 ratios whose significance remains unclear (P = 0.016 and P = 0.0019, respectively) (Fig. S4D–I). Here, IL4 is linked to COVID-19.