Our data suggest that the necessary and sufficient conditions for efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody are not “pre-existing T cell” nor “PD-L1 expression in tumor” but the simultaneous presence of “T cell priming in lymph node” and “T cell recruitment capability (i.e., expression of CXCR3 ligands) in the tumors”. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.