In this study, we aimed to investigate (i) the associations between MetS and domain-specific cognitive function and (ii) whether education, cardiovascular disease, and the apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) allele, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), could modify such associations, among a population-based cohort of 70-year-old people without dementia. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.