AKT1 and colorectal carcinoma: In line with previously reported data [6, 27, 28], both ERK1/2 (T202/Y204, T185/Y187) and AKT 1/2/3 (S473) phosphorylation increased by 2.5- and 1.5-fold in Caco-2 and DLD-1, respectively, confirming that JAM-A loss is associated with activation of these two signalling cascades in CRC.