CD8A and inflammatory bowel disease: After surgery and without immunosuppression, despite normal absolute number of lymphocytes, the patient displayed a high CD4:CD8 ratio in peripheral blood when compared to age-matched VEO-IBD patients (Fig. 1c), a published age-matched reference population,23 adult and infant healthy controls, and adolescent PIBD with active disease (inflammation) or disease in remission (Fig. S1A).