FOXP3 and inflammatory bowel disease: Monogenic defects, such as the IL10, IL10R, and FOXP3 loss-of-function mutations causing VEO-IBD, have uncovered pathways that are essential to prevent intestinal inflammation.6,7 As these monogenic defects fall within inflammatory immune networks that overlap with polygenic IBD loci, in depth immunological characterization of VEO-IBD patients provides key information to advance IBD patient classification.