At the level of cytokines/chemokines, patients with critical COVID-19, compared to mild-moderate COVID-19 patients, showed a tendency to gain a highly correlated (and expanded) cluster of IL-1 cytokines as well as a tendency of an IFN-γ/IL-6 cluster to gain correlation with TNF-α (Fig. 4a, b). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and COVID-19.