CARS1 and cancer: Furthermore, silencing cysteinyl tRNA synthetase (CARS), an enzyme involved in charging of tRNAs with cysteine for protein translation, upregulates the transsulfuration pathway, such as heat shock factor binding protein 1/ heat shock factor 1 (HSF1-HSPB1) pathway, Mucin1 C-terminal subunit/x-cystine/glutamate transporter (MUC1-C/xCT) pathway which antagonizes ferroptosis, studied in various types of cancers [75, 78].